Transition from USSR to Russian Federation:

The USSR's collapse in 1991 marked the end of its communist rule, leading to the emergence of the Russian Federation and 14 other independent states. This transition paved the way for Russia toward democracy, market economy, and geopolitical transformations.

Putin's Leadership and International Relations:

Under Putin's rule, Russia has experienced economic growth and a shift toward an authoritarian state. Tensions arose with the West over issues like the Iraq crisis, human rights, and political dissent. Putin's role in events like the Ukraine crisis, the annexation of Crimea played significant roles in shaping Russia's global position and its relationships with other nations.